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The agricultural industry produces advanced and complex machinery designed to support the role of sustainable agriculture in decarbonizing agriculture while protecting the environment and creating economic and social value
This paper presents potential solutions to reduce CO2 emissions associated with fuel combustion in agricultural production using agricultural machinery and considering all agricultural mechanization systems
The strong political will to engage in our changing climate will affect us all
Every sector must commit to significant reductions in CO2 emissions
The agricultural sector accounts for 10% of EU27 total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (from crops, livestock and land) and a further ~1% of total EU27 greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to agriculture from fuel combustion fossil fuels during normal operation of agricultural machinery
There are many methods to reduce CO2 emissions
But agriculture is a daily process with many activities and variations that vary from culture to culture, from farm to farm, and even from year to year
Considering these dynamics when deciding how to achieve an optimal mix of climate change mitigation technologies in agricultural systems is an economic and industry challenge
The agricultural industry is developing advanced equipment and solutions that already support sustainable agriculture and help EU farmers of all sizes and types get more out of their land, protect the environment and create economic value and social conditions
This paper presents potential solutions to reduce CO2 emissions associated with fuel combustion in agricultural production using agricultural machinery and considering all agricultural mechanization systems
Specifically, it reviews alternative fuel propulsion systems, predicts overall efficiency using advanced materials, and touches on technical forms of CO2 capture
A preliminary qualitative assessment of the framework indicates that there are different perspectives on the problem of reducing CO2 emissions through the use of agricultural machinery
There are several ways depending on the focus you need to focus your CO2 reduction efforts, but there is no one size fits all solution
The digital transformation of agriculture and the use of smart technologies/solutions will be critical in helping farmers be resilient while remaining competitive
Connected agriculture will provide traceability, improve EU internal market functioning and reduce administrative costs
As part of the long-term vision and planning, targeted national programs are needed to support farmers and contractors financially to invest in infrastructure, improve the use of their fleet, access the best available CO2 sensitive technologies , or conform to approved practices
for the production of energy-efficient crops
Thus, it’s not about a single solution, but an overall process that interacts with the modern development of other sectors, the availability of energy carriers and technologies, and the specific needs of agricultural and mechanical operations to maximize full value which may occur for each use
business and end market
To achieve the ultimate goal of carbon neutrality, or even a non-carbon balance, there are many options for the agricultural sector, including the use of a fleet
Throughout the evaluation, farmers should have a strong voice and remain free to choose the most appropriate and cost-effective use
Due to the physical characteristics and function of agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery manufacturers believe that internal combustion engines remain viable and suitable for achieving CO2 emission reduction targets over the next decade
This requires the development, production and use of alternative fuels while other technologies (such as electrification) mature
The weather is changing
Its effects are becoming visible, and there is broad scientific consensus that it is the result of human activities producing more greenhouse gases than the oceans and biodiversity can accommodate
By proposing to reduce CO2 emissions by 55%1 by 2030, Europe has set itself the first ambitious target of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050
Countries will have to meet targets and every department will have to contribute
Agriculture2 will be further affected by climate change with increased droughts, floods, new pests
European agriculture is not homogeneous; it varies from region to region and from year to year due to different climatic conditions, terrain, topography, and work schedule
This leads to different farming practices depending on climatic conditions and crops from year to year
In addition, there are differences between sub-regions
Crop production often uses fossil fuels and mineral and organic fertilizers
Dairy production uses a lot of electricity and emits methane
Since agriculture is more dependent on weather, climate, nature and its resources than many other sectors, the application of the principle of sustainability is a common and essential feature of European agriculture
The Paris Agreement3 established a global framework for dealing with climate change
It helps implement the United Nations Convention on Climate Change, adopted in New York on May 9, 1992
This involves keeping global average temperature increases well below 2°C above norms pre-industrial levels and continue efforts to limit temperature increases to 1
5°C above pre-industrial levels
Farmers should remain free to choose the most appropriate and cost-effective means of reducing CO2 emissions
A policy framework can help farmers make their decisions7,8
The agricultural machinery industry, shaped by end users, European agriculture and international trade, is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions
For many years, our factories have been offering a wide range of innovative products and equipment that meet European and international environmental standards and ensure efficient agricultural production
The principle of sustainability is part of our companies’ manufacturing practices as well as equipment manufacturing
The agricultural machinery industry was the first to implement the international sustainability standard ISO 17989
Based on this philosophy of commitment, the industry has initiated various developments to make steel and manufacturing more environmentally friendly
Examples are ISOBUS interconnection capabilities, precision farming, alternative fuel technologies, automation, and international and European environmental standards for sprayers and use of fertilizers
CO2 emissions from agricultural machinery and forestry10 from fossil fuel combustion account for about 1% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU27
It should be explained that these are CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and are not included in the 10% of agricultural emissions
